Production Log 1

Completed Running Order

Running Order

Exercise 2B

Production schedule still to be uploaded. My blogger is having technical difficulties.

Title of the show:

‘The Beat’

A beat is a piece of terminology that is commonly used within the world of music. It is used to measure the pace in which a piece of music is being played and composed, setting how it being played.
I have used the name ‘The Beat’ for my show as not only is it just two syllables and rolls off the tongue, but it also is musically related, allowing people to assume that it has been chosen for a specific reason. It also sounds good in different sentences. For example,

“Did you see Chris Brown on The Beat last night?”

“Apparently, Drake is on The Beat next week!”

“It’s straight home to do some work for me, then I’ll probably watch The Beat and see who’s on that tonight!”

The logo I have chosen for the TV show that I am creating is bright and spunky, the colours definitely stand out against the white I am thinking of using the logo as the background as well, but with the paint actually splattering against the wall throughout the show.

SET LAYOUT

Personally, I believe that if the set is too fixed, it can make the show look quite stiff and forced. By ‘too fixed’ I mean the chairs are placed in exact positions and therefore look slightly uncomfortable to sit on. Amazingly, this also has an impact on the viewer, if the interviewer looks uncomfortable, this reflects onto the viewer and how they feel. For my show, I think that blue sofa seats would be adequate, as they are rather comfortable and therefore carries a relaxed tone alongside it. Two chairs would work well, one for each presenter, and then one longer chair opposite them for the guests to comfortably sit in.

In the middle of them both, I would want there to be a small, round, wooden table that has a few drinks on there. I got this inspiration from ‘Alan Carr Chatty Man’ in which he always offers his guests a drink, which always loosens the atmosphere and lets go of any nervous tension that the guests may have, especially if this is one of their first shows in a long time. Therefore I would like to apply the same knowledge, as most guests will probably be anxious. Also, the green screen behind will carry the background, which, again, will be the logo and paint splattering, the different shades of blue paint continuously being splattered onto the white background throughout the interview.

CONTENT IDEAS

I have range of ideas that I would like to use in terms of both opinion and trivia. These include:

Opinion

“Who wore it best?”

This is when the guests are shown two pictures of two different singers wearing the same outfits and they must judge in the space of five seconds who wore it best. For the viewer, both of these pictures will be shown in a cutaway shot and therefore, only the guest’s voice and opinion can be heard.

“Yah or nah?”

This is a feature in which the guests are asked on three singers each, if they would date them or not. It is another quick fire feature, therefore the appropriate answers are ‘yah’ or ‘nah’. Also, both of those words are quite common in today’s social media, therefore it can appeal to the audience, who are roughly aged between 14-20.

TRIVIA

“Who the hell tweeted that?”

A range of stupid tweets from the social networking site of ‘Twitter’ are sent in and the guests have to decide who tweeted it, from a range of three accounts. They say the word ‘BEAT’ if they know the answer and whoever says it the quickest is allowed to answer. Obviously, if the answer is correct, they get the point.

“Finish the lyric…”

Just for the fun of it, they are given a range of different lyrics, but not only do they have get the lyric correct but they also have to sing it back to the interviewer in a tune that is at least similar to the actual song.

PRESENTERS

I believe that it is all too easy to cast the wrong people in the job of presenting. For example, if the presenters are awkward and stiff, the whole programme becomes awkward and stiff. Therefore, I would like the presenters to be as loose and genuine as humanely possible, but also without being faked. They should have witty banter between themselves and also make sure that the guests are equally as involved, because if the guest feels involved then the audience is probably likely to feel involved as well. If one of the presenters makes a joke, I would expect the other one to bounce off that joke and perhaps keep it a running theme. Also, I find it very excitable to view magazine shows in which the cast and crew can be heard laughing as well, as it makes the whole show a lot more comfortable and chilled.

SHOW SCHEDULE

Schedule

6:30 – ‘The Beat’ comes on the screen and the VT clip is shown on what we have coming up on the show and this includes many small clips of the music videos. This lasts for one minute. Then this fades to two empty chairs.

6:31 – Both of the presenters run into the chairs and quickly slam themselves into them, then introducing  the show. The banter between them should be rather witty, such as one presenter exclaiming that her chair was too hard and she needed a pillow behind her, one of the crew then chucking a pillow. They explain what’s happening in the show today in slightly more detail than the VT clip.

6:32 – The first guest comes on. Before this, the presenters introduce them and a VT clip is played of their ‘past work’. This could be bloopers of them filming or little clips of them doing other work, which should last around 20 seconds. When this is over, they cut back to the interview and the guest walks out.

6:33 – Just like ‘Alan Carr Chatty Man’, the guest would walk out to music and may even do a little dance before greeting both of the interviewers and sitting in the chair opposite. The interviewers suggest that they have a drink of some sort - Ribena, Coke, etc.

6:34 – 6:37 – The interview begins and its supposedly a very comfortable tone. Nothing is awkward and everything is relaxed. Questions such as ‘How was it filming in such a tight schedule?’ and ‘What do you want to achieve this year?’ and ‘How did the fans react to the video when it first came out?’

6:38 – Now, it’s ‘Awkward O’Clock’. This is a feature that lasts one minute in which viewers tweet the show with questions that could be slightly awkward. There is a countdown on the green screen so the guests can see exactly how long they have left. The interviewers would make this less of an awkward experience and more humorous. Questions such as ‘Who are you dating right now?’ and ‘Are the rumours about so and so true?’ and ‘Which singers would you hate to collab with?’

6:39 – The first music video is shown (one minute and thirty seconds)

6:41 – ‘Who wore it best’. The first opinion feature happens. Three outfit clashes are given and the guest states who they prefer.

6:43 – ‘Who the hell tweeted that?’ The first trivia feature happens. Again, three tweets are given out and the guest has to guess who tweeted it. The tweets would be rather bizarre and strange.

6:45 – The first guest goes and the second music video is shown. (one minute thirty seconds)

6:46 – The second guest appears however they launch straight into the games, after the same introduction as the first guest.

6:48 – “Yah or Nah?” They are given a choice of five singers (depending on if the guest is male or female would then determine which singers they choose) It’s a quick-fire feature which would last no more than one minute.

6:49 – “And the Lyric is…” This is the feature when the guest is given three lyrics in words and they have to sing it back to the interviewer. Everytime they get the lyric right, they get a chocolate bar.

6:51 – ‘Made Up News’… In this feature, the presenters put on fake glasses and they talk about spoof headlines that are a play on the most topical headlines in the world of showbiz today. It  is meant to be humorous and the crew should be heard laughing in the background, encouraging the viewer to do the same.

6:53 – The last music video is shown (the same length of time as the others.)

6:55 – Then its time for the viewer to be involved. They are able to tweet in what rate out of ten they would give the guests and depending on the average rate, they place a Velcro sticker containing the guest’s head in a certain position on the ‘Beat-O-Metre’, therefore able to compare it to the other guests.

6:58 – A VT clip is then shown on what is on next week before it cuts back to the presenters who are now getting ready to go, before they bid them goodbye and then stand up and the lights dim as they begin to actually leave the building.

Multicamera Job Role Application

Multi-camera Job Roles

Multi-Camera Job Roles

By Jada Wright

Duties
Absolutely everybody involved in Multi-Camera jobs must have certain duties, most of which are similar to each other. For example, they must come to the set and the rehearsals every time that they are set - this is essential, especially the rehearsals, to make sure that the live showings go well. However, there are skills that the crew need, which are specifically tailored to their jobs allocated. Within the crew, there is a hierarchy that they follow, placing all of the crew in certain areas.

Camera Operator
Camera operators are responsible for ensuring that everything that is being sent out on the television is adequately caught on camera. Without the camera operator, the programme would technically not be able to function. 

Therefore there are many skills that come with being a camera operator.

- To be a camera operator, one must have a very sharp eye in order to spot the certain angles and shots that are needed whilst filming, and therefore physically maintaining these angles and shot types throughout the rest of the show. If the shots are incorrect or messy, this would make the programme aesthetically unpleasing and would just look messy, therefore having a sharp eye is a very important skill needed to be a camera operator.
- Having a knowledge of specific camera lenses for different shots is also important, due to the fact that not all shots could use the same lenses, especially if some are faraway or even closer than others. If the wrong lens is used at the wrong time, especially for live shows, not only will it be difficult to change at the time but the audience at home misses out on a huge part of whatever they are watching. 
- Sometimes, the programme may be unscripted meaning that the camera operator must be able to adequately film and know the shots from memory.

There are also many duties that the camera operator has to perform whilst working in television.

- Before filming even takes place, the camera operator meets up with the directors in order to discuss and select the frames and shots that they plan to use. 
- Camera operators are also in charge of filming certain shots at specific times, especially if the programme is being broadcast live. If the camera is out of shot or out of focus, it could spoil the whole programme and therefore loose ratings. 
- They must have a steady hand as for when filming takes place, again, especially if it is being broadcast live. There have been a few incidents when in live shows, the camera had fallen over as the camera operator stumbled and therefore leaving the show looking untidy and unprofessional. 
Case Study
In this Case Study, Brian explains the advantages and disadvantages of being a camera  operator.
Advantages include:
- Shooting and filming in different locations.
- An insight in new information whilst working.
- Satisfaction when the frames are aesthetically pleasing.
Disadvantages include:
- Working in awful weather conditions.
- It's handheld most of the time.
- Caught in the traffic or any road problems.
- Having to wait around if it is an information based television show.

Sound Mixer / Audio Engineer
The sound mixer is completely in charge for the quality and main sound projected in a television show. In television, with many entertainment programmes, it is important that the levels of sound are acceptable, and more importantly, are clear. If not, the viewer looses out on most of the sound in the show, probably leading to mass amounts of complaints, not giving the show a good reputation. 

Duties to perform whilst being a sound mixer/audio engineer includes...

- They must ensure that the sound is being projected is audible at a suitable sound length for people to hear it.
- They must make sure that the sound is clear and not muffled or distorted in anyway unless for a specific purpose relating to the sound.
- They must be able to handle professional audio equipment whilst filming and is responsible for recording the sound needed whilst filming.

Skills needed to become a sound mixer includes...

- They must have a sharp ear for distinguishing when certain sound is unnecessarily higher than another. Without this, the whole programme could well and truly fail.
- A sufficient amount of knowledge on sound equipment and sound in media.
- An acute sense of timing for when mixing the sound live, so that sounds don't overlap and become messy.

Case Study
Some of the disadvantages and disadvantages of being a sound mixer has been listen below, taken from the Case Study above.
Advantages
- Different experiences daily.
Disadvantages
- Dealing with the clients and the directors.
- Some of the equipment is difficult to handle.

Vision Mixer

The vision mixer is the person in charge of taking more than one video and fusing them together, most of the time whilst adding an effect. This is usually used for the more aesthetic side of a television programme. Sometimes the cuts can be hard and to the point - sometimes they can have an effect on them, depending on the structure of the show and what the vision mixer had been told to do. Particularly in live shows, there is something called a 'VT', which is a pre-recorded video tape that is shown at various points during the programme - the vision mixer is responsible for ensuring that this is sufficiently carried out. 

An example of when the vision mixer
is needed - in the X Factor, before
they performed live, the VT clip
of them earlier in the that week.

The duties that the vision mixer has to perform are

- Making sure that they cut and mix the videos together at the exact, precise time, in the exact way that they had rehearsed, if indeed they had rehearsed.

- Mixing the two video's in a clean and polished standard. If it is a serious show and the vision mixer decides to use the bouncing effect to transition from one video to another, this cold be seen as unreasonable or disrespectful.

- Consistently listen to the director, as they are the ones who know what they want out of the show and ultimately what they want it to look like. The vision mixers must never loose focus and always stay on top of what they have been told.

The skills involved, however, are...

- Being able to stay calm under pressure, especially in live shows. If anything were to go wrong, there would be no time to panic as the show only has a specific allocated time slot and cannot go over this.

- Have a firm mindset and be able to make decisions on the spot but yet be able to think about the outcome of those decisions at the same time. In a live show, nothing can be undone, therefore it is ideal that the visual mixer gets these decisions right the first time through - which means no hesitation.

- Having the capability to concentrate and not get distracted. Whatever the visual mixer decides on, the viewer sees. This means that there are no chances to temporarily loose yourself, even for a split second, as anything could go wrong and it would completely be their own fault, they would be held responsible. 

Director (also known as a Television Director)
The director has one of the most important jobs in the whole of the crew. They are responsible for everything - whatever they say happens, absolutely must happen. There are no second thoughts when being a director, without them, the television show wouldn't run as everybody would have separate ideas and visions. They alert the crew on what they want doing and when they want it to happen, based on previous meetings discussing the show and what ultimately, whatever they believe the show should look like.

There are many duties needed when being a director, however here I have listed just three of them.

- They must decide and supervise where everything goes. For example, the props, the lighting and sound equipment, the people involved and of course, the cameras. If anything is wrongly placed, it could aesthetically ruin the show and could be practically at fault.
- They are to begin the camera's rolling when they see fit, if not, running the risk of missing a cue.
- They must alert the crew in charge of mixing both audio and visual elements when they are supposed to do this, ideally at the time that they are scheduled to do it. 

When being a director, it is equally important that you possess the following skills.

- Being quick. Live television shows and sporting events happen at a very quick pace, many shots are being used, therefore the Director must not only tell the cameramen which areas they should be cutting to, but also say it quickly so they have the time to do it.

- If things become too heactic, the Director is responsible for keeping order, therefore they must be strong minded and firm headed, otherwise running a risk of pure chaos.

- Being able to find flaws and pick apart any situation. Even though this sounds brutal, in rehearsals or even live, the Director must be able to point out where certain areas have gone wrong so that they can be fixed before the final take.

Set Designer
The set designer is responsible for placing where everything on the set goes. This is quite a long and laborious job in some conditions, especially if the set is quite large and there are many areas that need working on.

Many of the duties involved in being a set designer - however this is just a few of them.

-  The set designer has to have a specifc eye for creativity and must be precise in measurements, etc.
- The set designer must be able to pick out the advantages and disadvantages from placing furniture in certain places on set. If something is to fall whilst filming, they are responsible
- To verbally communicate with the director and the presenter and the floor manager and to clearly explain the reasoning behind placing certain props in certain places.
However, alongside duties, there are also many skills needed to be a set designer.
- Thinking outside of the box and being open minded. There are so many chat shows and information shows that take place in a studio now, a risk is run of the sets becoming too generic or too boring. Therefore, it is important to have a creative mind and also not to be afraid to try something new.
-  Practical skills in in drawing and designing models.
- A keen eye for detail. 

Lighting Desk
Those that are in charge of the lighting desk are responsible for the lighting before and during filming. They must make sure that everything on set is visible and that the lighting levels are balanced, and they are especially important when there are moments in which a spotlight is needed or is aimed to be used. 
Duties included when in charge of the lighting desk include
- Pre-Planning the lighting. There is hardly any time to improvise with the lighting since one problem could potentially ruin the whole show, therefore the person managing the lighting desk must previously plan to avoid this.
- Actually assembling the equipment needed. The equipment would be delicate and probably difficult to assemble therefore only crew members that are high in the lighting desk knowledge should entitle themselves to work with this and they are responsible for the equipment.
- Doing test shots to ensure that the lighting is sufficient enough to film.
Some of the skills needed when in charge of lighting in production include
- Being able to work in a large team of people and yet still listen to the director. Overall, it's the director's vision, therefore even though there many be many people involved in filming, they will have to make sure that they carry out the task they were given.
- However they must also be able to fairly, calmly and firmly explain their own creative vision of the lighting. Even though the director can suggest a certain way that he wanted things to be filmed, they may not have the same knowledge.
- They must have clear eye for lighting, if something is too dim they must be able to see this without it coming to the point were somebody else has to point it out for them.

Floor Manager

One of the most important jobs whilst filming on a television set is the 'floor manager'. Without the floor manager,the presenter wouldn't know which camera to turn to at certain times and this therefore, the programme wouldn't flow as smoothly and sharply at the same time.
Duties whilst becoming a floor manager inlcude
- Making sure that all of the equipment work before filming. If it doesn't, then obviously something would go wrong and therefore fail the entire show.
- Give cues to the floor staff and the presenters as soon as it is time for them to turn to a specific camera, also making sure that they can see them.
- Quickly deal with any technical difficulties being experienced on the show, which could be either frequent or rare, nevertheless the floor manager must be ready.
Skills involved in being a floor  manager include the following.
- They must be able to work quickly and under pressure. Anything that goes wrong in whilst filming would mean that the floor manager would have to deal with, therefore there is no room to panic or run out of ideas if anything were to happen live.
- They must be good at multitasking. They do not just have one job, most of them have more than one and are responsible for more than one area in the production, so they must know how to do this.
- A good, precise sense of timing. Especially whilst giving cues to the talent or the presenter, if the floor manager makes a mistake or takes to long to cue to another camera, the presenter will still follow them, leading to them looking at the wrong camera at the wrong time, therefore giving the show an unprofessional look.

Graphics Designer
The graphics designers are responsible for any text or transitions that come on the screen during a show. This can be whilst filming live, or added in afterwards in the case of a pre-recorded show. It can even be changed after the broadcasting of a live show, an example being 'X Factor', where the numbers that are usually shown for each act are replaced with the words 'the lines are now closed', to prevent people from still calling in.
Some duties involved whilst  being a graphic designer include
- They must clearly communicate with the director, asking for any specific details that they must include. Sometimes, the graphics can be the most important part of the show, therefore they must be correct.
- They are responsible for placing different graphics on certain areas of the screen whilst filming.
- They are also asked to put some areas of information on the screen when they are asked to, such as texting numbers.
Some skills that are handed when a graphics designer
- Having a sufficient amount of knowledge in graphics and how to design under pressure.
- Finding practical solutions to problems. There are some situations that a graphic designer has to deal with that can only be solved if they think rationally.
- A wide creativity and imagination. Without this, the show could look rather bland and would not be aesthetically pleasing nor memorable.

VT Operator
The VT operator is responsible for inserting different clips and small videos into the main video rolling. Most of the time, they add the video and the video mixer then ensures that the colour and the balance is sufficient enough for this to be broadcast on television.
Duties of being a VT Operator include
- They are responsible for cutting certain clips at specific times.
- They also prepare the VT's that are needed, lining them up and queuing them so that they are shown at the right times.
- They are responsible for ensuring that the director's vision has been fulfilled and that they do not cut too early or too late.
Skills of being a VT Operator include the following
- The VT Operator must have a sharp sense of hearing. As soon as the Director wants to cut to something, the VT Operator must automatically carry out this action.
- They must be able to work quickly and effectively under pressure. Without this, the whole show could crumble.
- Finally, they must have a sensible sense of timing, impeccable in fact. There is no space in live shows for them to run a VT late, especially in the news.

Presenter
The Presenter is responsible for showing and introducing the show. They are the entertainer in some cases, and the information-giver in other cases, such as news programmes. 
Duties of being a presenter include
- They must read off the auto-cue in many situations, with a clear voice.
- Sometimes they must write and memorize their scripts, rehearsing them also before the camera rolls.
- They must research the background and have a sufficient knowledge of what they are speaking about.
Skills of being a VT Operator include the following
- A clear voice. Without this, the viewer and audience would not be able to understand or comprehend what they are saying.
- An inviting persona. Even if this was something like the news, they would have to be somewhat comfortable with the camera in front of them, otherwise they could come across  uncomfortable to the viewer, leading them to turn off.
- Being able to improvise in awkward situations, as they are the only people on the television that the viewer can see and therefore must also remain calm.

Multicamera: Practical & Aesthetics

Multicamera Formats: Practical & Aesthetics

Why is the Multimedia Camera Format used?

An example of when multimedia camera formats are needed -
the same shot is being televised and somehow, the viewer
still needs to be interested.

There are many reasons for using the multicamera media format across the wide range of different genres. One of the main reasons is that it looks visually pleasing. For many of these genres of television, it is important that the viewer maintains interest, particularly if the image being displayed on the screen stays the same for a long amount of time. Without multicamera, the directors and owners of the programmes could easily run the risk of viewers becoming bored or distracted with what they are watching, leading to the decline of overall viewers. Because of this, it is important that the viewers interest is maintained. Also, the different shots and angles taken on the programme could also communicate meaning to the viewer. For example, if the camera were to pan across the screen during a beautiful dance in a talent show, this could further interest the viewer to be able to tell the story and really become one with the programme that they are watching. Another reason is that it is practically easier, particurlarly for live events that are quite quick paced or that the audience is involved in, it is so much easier to use multicamera media format to be able to film, especially if it is going straight to live sets. Another practical reason would be that it has better coverage, for everybody that is viewing it, as it would be able to cover all of the action and from different angles.

Sport

Sporting events are a prime example as to when multicamera formats are used and what they are used for. Usually, sporting events are broadcast live on television, literally as they are being filmed. One of the reasons that multicamera formats are so important to use through sporting events is the pace that the event runs at, usually being extremely fast paced. Sometimes, depending on the sport, everything is moving so quickly that it's practically impossible for somebody with one camera to run with a camera against the action. Also, it wouldn't be aesthetically pleasing - especially if the sports are gentle or have an artistic element to them, the multicamera format would allow the viewers to keep up with the sport and connect to the sports players on the television. An example that I have used are the women's gymnastics from 2012. The women's gymnastics, as I stated before, is a very graceful sport. Even though it is more likely that the camera movements will be stationary for most of their performance, shots such as reaction shots are essential. For example there is a shot from 0:11 - 0:18 of the gymnast running up toward the vault before doing her tricks on it (in this case it is a flip) and landing back down on the mat without any faults. The fact that the movements that she is doing is so graceful and the camera pan to the right, following her, also so graceful, allows the viewer to engage with the movements. The multicamera footage then allows a reaction shot of the gymnast herself, at 0:18 where she is shown smiling briefly, looking very proud of herself. Naturally, as humans, when we see other people happy, especially after they have achieved something, we learn to share their happiness, which the viewer could do, the multicamera making this practically possible. There were only a total of three different cameras from the beginning to the end of this clip, which means that it wouldn't be a ridiculous amount of money for what it was, either.

Concert

The shot of the crowd reaction to the artist.

Concerts are one of the best times to use multi-camera productions and this is for a number of reasons. The first reason is that it is important to see more than one reaction shot of the audience as they themselves are listening and watching the artist. This will then allow the viewer themselves, as they are watching television to feed off of the audience's reaction, and therefore automatically connect with them. If the audience's reaction is quite negative, then multi-camera production will allow the viewer to feed off of their energy and perhaps influence what they think of the performer as well. This is then a disadvantage of using multicamera formats. However, if the audience reaction is positive and people are either stunned to silence in awe or if they are extremely excited and energetic, this can also influence the viewer and excite them as well. Also, it's important to view the atmosphere of the crowd and also the scale of wherever the performer is performing. If it is a particularly loud and thrilling performance, the use of multicamera production would allow a shots such as a panning shot across the stadium to feel the buzz and the atmospheric energy. If it was a smaller audience in a smaller scale stage, as shown in the example, the multi-camera productions will still allow the viewer to get a feel of the closeness and the comfortable atmosphere that the performer is in. In the example above, which is the artist 'Lorde' singing her second single 'Tennis Courts', live on 'Letterman', the first shot of the performer is a mid shot at 0:10, showing the performer and who they are, setting the stage for the viewer. This therefore allows the viewer to gain the main purpose of the performance and more importantly they can see who exactly is performing. In this shot she is by herself, which could symbolize to the viewer her independence and loneliness, communicating meaning. In addition to this,
At 0:18, there is a fade to the drummer of the band supporting the artist. This could only be achieved with a multicamera format and this, once again, sets the tone for the performance - however it is also aesthetically pleasing. The fading shot to the drummer sets a very swift and gentle tone to the performance. Also, the viewer has an advantage, as only they can see this in the live edit that they are watching, yet the audience would not have been able to see this. At 0:38, there is a slow pan from high in the air down to the artist, as soon as the beat of the song kicks in, therefore emphasizing the sound and the image together. At 0:51, there is a slow panning left shot of the audience and shows the atmosphere of the performance. At least nine of the people shown in this crowd had their phones out, filming Lorde, as the camera continues to pan, more people are shown with their electronic devices. It was quite a small stage and therefore quite a small audience, however alongside the mood of the song and the tone of the performance, it works well. The shot actually pans in time with the pace of the song, therefore allowing the heartfelt emotion through the lyrics and the pace of the song shown through it. At 1:57, there is another shot of the crowd, this time from the left angle of the stage and from Lorde's perspective. This time, the crowd's facial reactions are seen. Most of the audience are singing along, totally still as they watch her perform. The fact that they are singing along allows the viewer to believe that they are enjoying this performance, possibly encouraging the viewer to do the same. However the energy has clearly been lost in the audience, as the multicamera shots have proven. There are many shots within the video that suggest the mood is of stunned silence. 

Public Events

Public events usually come with a large audience or crowd at the scene. Commonly, the public events are part of the royal family or anything linked with royal importance and these normally take more than two hours screening time and yet all of it is shown on the television,usually without adverts or any screen breaks. Obviously, with such long yet important events, the most important aspect is to maintain the viewer's interest. It is extremely easy in these situations for the viewer to turn off the programme due to the lack of excitement. Therefore multicamera production is used to maintain this. For example, the Royal Wedding in 2011 was said to be the biggest public event since the late Princess Diana's funeral. The ceremony and the services had been rumored to be three hours long. One single camera used to film this would neither be aesthetically pleasing nor practically possible, especially with the large scale of crowds at the scene of the event. However, one definite disadvantage to using multicamera formats for these events would be if one camera were to fail. There have been many incidents where somebody as cut to the wrong camera at the wrong time and sadly, this is being broadcast to millions of people. At such an important event such as this one, missing any moment would be seen as a tragedy and therefore would create many complaints. Such a big public event would mean many people coming out from all over the world at the same time to watch it, which means that many high angles or suspended cameras are needed for the screening. This is to: first of all, show the scale of the event and the publicity that it had gained, secondly, allow the viewer to get a better, more comfortable perspective. Automatically, in the video example above, at 0:06, there is a high angle sweeping shot of the abbey that the wedding was taking place in. The ceiling is particularly  high, which one camera would not be able to show, however using multicamera production does allow the viewer to experience this themselves. This is also important because the Royal Wedding was a big event but also a very private one. Everybody had the chance to wait outside the church or in the streets to see the carriage go past however not everybody could enter the actual ceremony, only certain people on a guest list could have arrived. This meant that the rest of the world that was not in the church had to watch the ceremony televised on screens, therefore using multicamera formats was the only way they were able to see exactly what took place in the church. Therefore using the right format of cameras to show this was definitely essential. The whole church has a royal glow to it, shown from this angle. Also, from this angle, the viewer is able to see the beauty and the size of Kate Middleton's  tail end of the dress, which from any other angle would probably be difficult to recognize the full scale of, therefore a high angle was definitely essential. This shot also moves alongside the pace of Kate walking down the aisle and the movement is so gentle that it flows nicely, looking aesthetically beautiful. The biggest and probably most beautiful shot in the whole of the broadcasting is the shot at 1:35, which is aesthetically amazing. Not only is the capacity of the cathedral shown but also all of the royal colours, particularly gold and red, shining from the high angle that it has been shown at. Even the people that were inside of the wedding itself would not have been able to get this view. Therefore, for the viewer, this highlights the importance. Practically, one camera would able to cover the wedding, yes. However it wouldn't be very aesthetically pleasing to the eye, since even though it was a beautiful moment and occasion, it would become boring. Therefore shots have been used such as mid shots and reaction shots of the guests at 2:32 and 2:43 to create a deeper variety of shots giving the viewer something different to look at.

The high angle shot of the cathedral, was beautiful,

Game Shows

The cube appears to be larger than it probably is from this
angle, creating mass amounts of tension.

Game shows are particularly important to maintain the viewers interest, especially as they are only filmed and shown on the television to entertain both the viewers and the audience in the studio. Therefore if the viewer looses their interest in the show, the whole purpose of a game show has been lost. Game shows that include using the mind tend to use different shots such a high shots, reaction shots and shots of the prizes that are set to be won to build all of the tension within both the audience in the studio and the viewer watching. Game shows that are more physically and skillfully based that the viewer cannot necessarily join in with, however, tend to use very different shots to show the sharpness of the skills that are being demonstrated, therefore making the show aesthetically pleasing and at the same time, maintaining the viewers interest, because if they cannot use their mind or do anything physically, it is even more important to ensure that they stay interested. The crowd's reaction are one of the most important reasons of using multicamera formats in this genre, especially if there are certain family members or friends of the competitor watching intently on the side. Seeing their reactions, for example at 5:44, seeing the anxiousness of the crowd and the viewer feeding off this nervous energy will then influence them to be just as nervous, as naturally that is human nature. In contrast to this, at 9:48, their reactions are ones of relief and joy as the competetor finally completed one of the challenges. Naturally, using any other format, one camera would not be able to see the audience's straight after the initial reaction of the competitor as it wouldn't be practically possible. At both 12:19 and 12:21, there are reaction shots of both the presenter and the competitor in the cube. Using one camera wouldn't be able to capture their reactions to one another, however using the multicamera format ensures that this is possible. The Cube is a very scary and intimidating game for the contestant, therefore the show has to make sure that it is just as intimidating for the viewer, to maintain their interest. For example, at 23:50, there is a low angle shot of The Cube and both the presenter and the contestant. Not only does this make the cube look larger than it is, but it also puts the contestant on the same scale, creating the tension and the excitement. With one game show, it is impossible, with the use of a single camera, to gain all of the action with one shot. However, as shown from 28:16 - 28:18, with multicamera, this is possible. Games particularly like the Cube not only have tense, basic music, but also a very hushed audience. Particularly when someone has finally won a challenge, at least five cutaway shots are used to emphasise the relief and completion. 

an example of when different cameras are used to play
different tricks on the viewer, to make them believe something
and then reveal that this was in fact an
aesthetic illusion.

Talent Shows

Talent shows are made specifically for entertainment, particularly to family-time television.  They are part of a genre called 'live studio' shows, as they are shown live in a studio, with an audience. These can be made for both positive and negative reasons. This is because the producers claim its to find talent, however in the process of finding talent, bad or unwanted is guaranteed. Every year, the average view count has been suspected to be over five million people each weekend. Therefore the biggest factor here is definitely maintaining the viewer's interest, or the ratings of the show could dramatically drop. This clip is from a talent show known as the 'X Factor', a singing competition that lasts for roughly twelve weeks altogether. In this particular clip, the final eight contestants have come to perform a song as one, showing off the skills to each other. Once again, the viewer must be interested in the show, or they run the risk of loosing their ratings. After the presenter introduces the performers, there is a high crane shot of the stage and most of the audience watching, setting the atmosphere at 0:13. The style of this is proffessional and polished, there is just one fluid movement and it works perfectly with the anticipation from the crowd for the performers to start singing. There are also many practical reasons to why this format has been used. Practically, since there are so many people performing at once, using just one camera would never be able to capture all of the singers together, especially as they are moving around. For example at 0:16 there is a shot of the first three girls, to introduce them to the performance. Then at 0:19 the shot has been cut to only focus on the one that was singing at the time. This would have been done using the same camera. However, the shot at 0:43 is another crane shot, showing all of the performers together, before 0:45, showing another single performer. This would not be able to be done with one camera as it would be physically impossible for the camera to capture all of this with one movement without missing any of the actual performance. A disadvantage to this, that has been done before, is if one of the camera's fail. This means they aren't able to function properly and sometimes it takes a while before they are able to switch to the next camera. This will also cost a lot of money to film, to make it aesthetically pleasing also.

Chat Shows

Chat shows are commonly a presenter with different guests, having a conversation, usually not too seriously based, as they are shown at times that most families would probably be watching, such as the morning or on a Saturday evening, as entertainment. The example I have chosen is from a programme called 'The Ellen Show', where Ellen DeGenres meets different celebrities or people with inspiring life stories that need to be shared. In this particular show, Ellen is having a conversation with a woman that has recently been cured from going death after suffering many years of her life not being able to hear anything at all. Typically, as the conversation is between two people, it is essential that the multicamera format is used to go from each person as they speak to each other, as to not miss out any crucial parts of the interview that would, in this case, be emotionally tearing. For example, the opening shot at 0:01 is of both Ellen and the woman being interviewed, before the interview even begins. Then, straight after Ellen asks the first question, another camera that is positioned diagonally across from the woman, has cut to her alone. This already alerts the viewer that the attention shall be on her for most of the interview. Beacause of the nature of the interview, and how serious and some may say miraculous the reality of the situation actually is, there are always going to be reaction shots from the audience. At 2:23, another camera stationed at the front of the audience had picked up a reaction shot from the woman's husband. Even though the audience may not be able to see the reaction, the viewer would, due to the multicamera format, therefore they would be able to emotionally connect with him through his emotions being portrayed and the story being told at the same time.

Magazine Shows

Magazine shows can be confused with chat shows, however they are quite different. Chat shows do not have much of a pattern to the conversations that form, however magazine shows do - they have more of a structure in the forms of interviews and can be a lot more serious, as they are shown in the evening of the weekday. They are shown live also, which means that anything could potentially take place - therefore multicamera's are essential to cut away from the chaos if it were ever to happen. There are also times to cut away for pre-recorded footage shown between the interview and the introduction. For example, in the video I have chosen, at 0:00 we see both of the interviewers, ready for the interview to take place, then at 0:09 there is a pre-recorded footage of the show 'Sherlock', starring the person that is to be interviewed. This allows the interview, already, to tell  the viewer who is going to be on the show and some of their previous work. At 0:20 there is a shot of the interviewers sitting with Benedict Cumberbatch who didn't appear to be there before the interview had even begun, as the camera wasn't on him. However, this sweeping shot, panning upwards to create a smooth high shot, already excites the audience and prepares them for the interview ahead, being both aesthetically pleasing and keeping them interested. At 0:28, there is a mid shot of Benedict finally speaking his first words to the camera, the camera only focused on him. However at 0:41 and many shots after this, whenever the camera is set on the interviewers, it always shows both of them, yet when the camera is on Benedict it only shows him. This could reflect his importance and his status, as he has one camera to himself and both of the presenters have to share one in every single shot that they feature in, even if only one of them is speaking at the time. Practically, for magazine shows such as these, sometimes with a small audience which usually consists of those that actually work in the studio, it is impossible for the camera to capture the whole show unless it stayed at one long shot throughout the whole show. This would probably be cheaper to film as less equipment would be needed, however it would not be aesthetically pleasing or the least bit interesting at all and the show would definitely not be very popular with anyone. A disadvantage that has happened previously, however, is that something goes wrong in the studio and since all of the camera's are held in such a small space (being the studio) there is nothing to cut to, to distract the viewer from the disaster being caused. There was an issue like this when one of the presenters allowed a guest to bring in his dogs and they just barked and howled over the whole interview, therefore the programme had to finish early.